1. Mild Steel (MS) Grades
Mild Steel (MS) fasteners are low-carbon steel, commonly used in general-purpose applications
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Temperature Resistance (°C) | Weldability | Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 4.6 | 400 | 240 | 22% | 7.85 | 🌧Low (Needs Coating) | Up to 300°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 898-1, IS 1364, DIN 933 |
| Grade 5.6 | 500 | 300 | 20% | 7.85 | 🌧Low (Needs Coating) | Up to 300°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 898-1, IS 1364, DIN 931 |
| Grade 6.8 | 600 | 360 | 18% | 7.85 | ☁️Medium (With Coating) | Up to 350°C | ✅ Good | ISO 898-1, IS 1364 |
2. High-Tensile Steel (High-Strength) Grades
High-tensile fasteners are heat-treated alloy steel, designed for load-bearing and high-strength applications.
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Temperature Resistance (°C) | Weldability | Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 8.8 | 800 – 1000 | 640 | 12% | 7.85 | ☁️Medium (Needs Zinc Coating) | Up to 400°C | ❌ Poor (Risk of Brittleness) | ISO 898-1, IS 3757, ASTM A325 |
| Grade 10.9 | 1000 – 1200 | 900 | 10% | 7.85 | ☁️Medium (Needs Galvanizing) | Up to 450°C | ❌ Poor (Risk of Crack Formation) | ISO 898-1, IS 3757, ASTM A490 |
| Grade 12.9 | 1200 – 1400 | 1080 | 8% | 7.85 | 🌪Low (Needs Special Coatings) | Up to 500°C | ❌ Not Recommended | ISO 898-1, DIN 267, ASTM A574 |
3. Stainless Steel (SS) Grades
Stainless Steel (SS) fasteners are used in corrosive environments, offering rust resistance and durability.
Austenitic Stainless Steel (Most Common)
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Temperature Resistance (°C) | Weldability | Standards | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 | 210 | 40% | 7.9 | ☁️Good | Up to 870°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 3506-1 | |
| 700 | 450 | 35% | 7.9 | ☁️Good | Up to 870°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 3506-1 | |
| 800 | 600 | 30% | 7.9 | ☁️Good | Up to 870°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 3506-1 | |
| 700 | 485 | 30% | 7.98 | 🌊Excellent | Up to 870°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 3506-1 | |
| A4-80 (SS 316) | 800 | 600 | 25% | 7.98 | 🌊Excellent | Up to 870°C | ✅ Excellent | ISO 3506-1 |
Martensitic Stainless Steel (High-Wear Applications)
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Temperature Resistance (°C) | Weldability | Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 410 | 750 – 900 | 450 | 20% | 7.75 | ☁️Medium | Up to 650°C | ❌ Poor (Brittle after welding) | ASTM A276 |
| SS 420 | 850 – 1000 | 500 | 18% | 7.74 | ☁️Medium | Up to 700°C | ❌ Limited (Heat treatment required) | ASTM A276 |
Duplex Stainless Steel (For Extreme Corrosion and Strength)
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Temperature Resistance (°C) | Weldability | Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2205 Duplex | 620 – 800 | 450 | 25% | 7.8 | 🌊Excellent | Up to 315°C | ✅ Good (Preheat required) | ASTM A182, ASTM A479 |
| Super Duplex 2507 | 800 – 900 | 550 | 20% | 7.8 | 🌊Outstanding | Up to 315°C | ✅ Good (Controlled welding needed) | ASTM A182, ASTM A479 |
4. Specialty Grades for High-Performance Applications
| Material | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Temperature Resistance (°C) | Weldability | Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A193 B7 (Alloy Steel) | 1000 | 860 | 12% | 7.85 | ☁️Medium (Needs Coating) | Up to 450°C | ❌ Poor (Cracks Easily) | ASTM A193 |
| ASTM A320 L7 (Cryogenic Steel) | 1000 | 900 | 12% | 7.85 | ☁️Medium | -200°C to 450°C | ✅ Good | ASTM A320 |
| Brass Fasteners | 500 | 200 | 45% | 8.5 | ☀️Very High | Up to 300°C | ✅ Excellent | ASTM B16 |
| Aluminum Fasteners | 250 – 400 | 150 | 50% | 2.7 | ☀️Very High | Up to 200°C | ✅ Excellent | ASTM B211 |
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